CONGENITAL CATARACT: DIAGNOSTIC, CLINICAL, AND SURGICAL ASPECTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital cataract, causing lens opacification from birth, can lead to significant
visual impairment if not treated early. Causes include genetic factors, congenital infections, and
environmental factors. Early detection through neonatal exams and surgery ideally before 8
weeks of age are crucial for improving long-term visual outcomes and preventing deprivation
amblyopia. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, complications like glaucoma and
posterior capsule opacification may still occur, requiring ongoing monitoring and rigorous
follow-up to ensure the best possible quality of life for patients. Objective: Assess the impact of
early diagnosis and surgical interventions in congenital cataracts on clinical outcomes and patient
quality of life. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases, filtering for studies published within the last 6 years and of high
methodological quality in English. Results and Discussion: Seven articles were selected for
inclusion in this study. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention in congenital cataract are crucial
for optimizing clinical outcomes and quality of life. Early detection allows for effective surgical
intervention, reducing the likelihood of long-term visual complications. The choice between
intraocular lenses and aphakia should be tailored to individual patient needs. Proper treatment
can significantly improve the quality of life for affected children, reflecting advancements in
clinical practice and diagnosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital
cataract are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life. The timely
choice of surgery and personalized approach, including decisions about intraocular lenses, are
essential for successful treatment. Advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques contribute to
better outcomes and opportunities for affected children.