PROTOCOLS OF CARE IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, necessitating a multifaceted approach that includes non-pharmacological strategies and advancements in screening methods such as home and ambulatory monitoring. Furthermore, gender disparities in the prevalence and  management of SAH underscore the need for more personalized public health interventions. Secondary hypertension, with identifiable causes, requires early screening and targeted treatment to prevent severe  complications. This review aims to guide clinical practices and public health policies to enhance global control of systemic arterial hypertension. Objective: To comprehensively and updatedly evaluate the efficacy of proposed treatment protocols for managing systemic arterial hypertension. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases, filtering for studies published within the last 6
years and of high methodological quality in English. Results and Discussion: Seven articles were selected for inclusion in this study. Managing this chronic condition requires a therapeutic approach adapted to the severity of the clinical presentation, still debated regarding ideal blood pressure goals and choice of medications. In addition to non-pharmacological strategies such as weight control and healthy diet, it is crucial to consider gender differences in the pathophysiology of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and emphasize the need for personalized approaches. Telemedicine, despite infrastructural and acceptance challenges, emerges as a viable alternative for continuous SAH management, especially in crisis situations. Conclusion: Therefore, this condition requires personalized management due to variability in blood pressure goals and medication choices. Non-pharmacological strategies are crucial, but adherence remains challenging. Understanding gender differences in SAH pathophysiology underscores the need for tailored treatments, while telemedicine presents promising new opportunities.