PREVALENCE OF THALASSEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH NON-FERROPENIC ANEMIA IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Objective: This narrative literature review aimed to explore the prevalence of thalassemia in patients with non-iron deficiency anemia in Brazil, analyzing available evidence to offer a detailed view on the issue. Methods: The search was carried out in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO, covering the period from January 2010 to August 2024. Search terms related to thalassemia and non-iron deficiency anemia were used in the context Brazilian. Studies with relevant primary data or secondary analyzes were included and studies that did not specifically address the Brazilian population or were conference abstracts were excluded. Results: The prevalence of thalassemia in patients with non-iron deficiency anemia in Brazil varies
from 1% to 10%, with higher rates in the Northeast and Southeast compared to the South. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was the most used diagnostic method, but PCR was also is important, although less accessible. The higher prevalence in the Northeast and Southeast regions reflects the presence of populations with Mediterranean and African ancestry. Discussion: The variation in prevalence observed can be attributed to ethnic, regional and methodological factors. Reliance on hemoglobin electrophoresis and lack of uniform guidelines contribute to the underdiagnosis of thalassemia. The female predominance in detection may be related to a greater demand for medical care. Conclusion: Thalassemia is a frequently underdiagnosed condition in patients with non-iron deficiency anemia in Brazil. The standardization of diagnostic guidelines and the promotion of advanced technologies are essential to improve the identification and treatment of the disease. Raising awareness among healthcare professionals and implementing uniform protocols can significantly contribute to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.