LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN BILIARY-PANCREATIC DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery has significantly advanced in the treatment of
biliopancreatic diseases, offering various advantages over traditional open surgery. Robotic
hepatectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy have emerged as promising techniques,
particularly for their surgical precision and lower complication rates, especially in high-volume
centers. However, debates regarding their efficacy and safety compared to open surgery persist,
necessitating further studies to establish their superiority. Technological innovations, such as the
use of robotic systems and improved surgical instrumentation, have been crucial to these
advancements. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and recovery outcomes of
laparoscopic surgery in managing biliary-pancreatic diseases and to compare these outcomes
with those achieved through open surgery. Methods: A systematic literature review was
conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases, filtering for studies published within the last 6
years and of high methodological quality in English. Results and Discussion: Seven articles
were selected for inclusion in this study. Video-assisted laparoscopic surgery (VALS) and
robotic surgery have proven effective alternatives to traditional open surgery for treating
biliopancreatic diseases. VALS offers faster recovery and reduced physiological impact, with
clinical outcomes comparable to open surgery. Robotic surgery, using the Da Vinci system,
provides greater precision and control, allowing complex procedures to be performed with added
safety. The choice between these techniques should consider case complexity, surgeon
experience, and surgical center capabilities. Ongoing research and specialized training are crucial
to maximizing benefits and improving patient outcomes. Conclusion: Both video-assisted
laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery are effective in treating biliopancreatic diseases,
offering significant advantages over traditional open surgery. Both approaches provide faster
recovery and reduced physiological impact, with robotic surgery standing out for its greater
precision and control. The choice of technique should be based on case complexity and surgeon
experience. Ongoing research and specialized training are crucial for optimizing outcomes and
enhancing patient quality of life.